Water Softener Discharges DO Harm Septic Systems - And The Problem is Easy to Solve

Contrary to what some people say, it is true that water softener backwash poses a problem, not only to septic tanks and leach fields, but also to advanced treatment systems. Observation and experience confirm the problem: Backwash brine causes the primary treatment tank to discharge solids and disrupts

the flora of secondary treatment systems. Fortunately, a simple solution is available: rerouting backwash brine around the primary and secondary treatment components and directly into the drainfield.

Softened water is not the problem; the problem is the high concentration of salt (usually sodium chloride) in the backwash brine from softener regeneration. When the water softener resin is backwashed two or three times a week, the salt enters the wastewater stream as a slug of 38 to 112 gallons each backwash cycle. The brine is so concentrated that in a 2005 Virginia field study, systems

receiving backwash brine from water softeners had average chloride concentrations of 1207 mg/L in the effluent, with one system having a concentration of 10,900 mg/L. By comparison, typical chloride concentrations in systems without water softeners average 50 mg/L.

In household systems that receive water softener regeneration brine, service providers observe two problems. One problem is that solids are discharged into the drainfield. Discharge of solids into the drainfield will cause the soils to plug, resulting in an expensive drainfield failure. Also, if there is a

secondary treatment component, such as a media filter or aerobic treatment unit (ATU), that component will perform abnormally, indicating that its flora and fauna have been affected. Field observations of side-by-side dispersal systems in a shared mound showed that the trenches receiving the effluent with water softener brine formed a thick gelatinous slime layer that clogged the infiltrative surface, while the trenches receiving no salt water discharge remained open with a normal microbial biomat. The field study of 18 wastewater treatment systems in Virginia clearly showed that nitrogen removal was inhibited in systems receiving water softener backwash brine.

Those who claim that brine discharges do not harm septic systems cite research performed at NSF and the University of Wisconsin , but this research did not involve septic tanks or reflect real-world conditions. The NSF study used complete-mix activated-sludge aerobic treatment units, in which the water softener backwash brine was introduced to a system that was completely mixed. Septic tanks were not part of the NSF study. In studies with septic tanks, which are designed to be quiescent, the high concentration of salt introduced by slugs of backwash brine causes salt stratification in the tank. The salt water flows to the bottom of the tank, occupying space that is designed for detention time of fresh water and for settling heavier solids and floating the lighter solids. The fresh water rides across the surface of the brine layer in the tank. In addition, the sludge in a septic tank is mostly liquid, with a density very

near that of fresh water. The heavier salt water can actually lift the sludge from the bottom of the tank, washing it into the downstream components such as an ATU, a media filter, or the soil dispersal field. In field observations of septic tanks that receive water softener brine, the tanks have no distinct layers of sludge, scum, and clear zone.

In the 1978 University of Wisconsin study, backwash brine was introduced only to the soil dispersal component, not to the septic tank. The University of Wisconsin report is inconclusive as to whether or not water softener backwash brine is harmful to septic systems, and suggests at least five times that

additional research is needed. Since that study, researchers have continued to debate the effects of water softener backwash brine upon soil dispersal systems, finding evidence of both good and bad effects.

Until conclusive research is performed, those who deal with the effects of backwash brine must act on the evidence of their own observations - and use their common sense. Sodium concentrations over 3500 mg/L have been reported to inhibit anaerobic digestion. Chloride concentrations over 180 mg/L have an inhibitory effect upon microorganisms. Over the course of history, all cultures have used salt as a preservative and disinfectant. Regardless of the theoretical research on the possible osmotic pressure within the cell wall of a bacterium, it simply makes common sense that high concentrations of salt will inhibit the growth of microorganisms used for wastewater treatment.

For these reasons, just as managers of municipal systems prohibit the discharge of salty wastes into their systems, most of the manufacturers of advanced wastewater treatment systems have clauses in their warranties voiding the warranty if water softener backwash brine is discharged to the treatment system.

Thus, to the homeowner, discharging water softener backwash brine to an advanced treatment system involves a serious financial risk, since the treatment system warranty will be voided. Failure of the soil dispersal system is an additional risk.

Often, homeowners who want to reroute the backwash brine away from the septic tank are told that it would require cutting of concrete footings and floors at a cost of "thousands of dollars." Yet, in the Virginia field study, five water softener backwash discharges were routed out of the wastewater system for less than $100 per home. With simple planning, a second small pipe can bypass the septic tank, and the water softener backwash brine can be discharged away from the treatment system. If the soil scientist is comfortable with the salt water discharging to the soil, the pipe can lead around the septic tank and treatment system to the distribution box or discharge basin, where the salt water can be diluted in the soil by the remainder of the treated wastewater stream. Such a simple, inexpensive measure would prevent failure of the septic tank and treatment system and keep the system warranty in effect.

Given the abundant evidence for the harmful effects of brine on household wastewater treatment systems, and given how easy it is to keep these discharges out of the system, it makes sense for regulators to require water softeners to be installed in such a way that they pose no problems for wastewater treatment systems.

From Mark Gross, Orenco Systems, Inc.

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On December 19, 2007, the President signed into law the Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Safety Act, named for the daughter of Nancy Baker and the granddaughter of former Secretary of State, James Baker. Graeme Baker died in a tragic incident in June 2002 after the suction from a spa drain entrapped her under the water. The new law is aimed at reducing the number of entrapment-related deaths and injuries by making pools safer, securing the environment around them, and educating consumers and industry on pool safety.

The Act specifies that on or after December 19, 2008, swimming pool and spa drain covers available for purchase in the United States must meet specific performance requirements. Additionally, public swimming pools, wading pools, spas, and hot tubs must meet requirements for installation of compliant drain covers. Additionally, in certain instances, public pools and spas must have additional devices or systems designed to prevent suction entrapment.

How does the Act define a “Public” pool or spa?

The term is defined broadly and includes:

• Any facility open to the public whether free, or available for a fee.
• Multiple family residential facilities(apartments,condominium complexes, etc.)
• Hotels or other public accommodations.
• Facilities operated by the federal government for the military, their dependents, or for any federal agency or department.

Does the act apply to residential pools and spas?

Yes. However, homeowners just need to be aware of this new law. Most of the responsibility of compliance rests with the manufacturers and suppliers. As of December 19, 2008, it will be against federal law to make, import, or sell a suction outlet fitting and cover that does not comply with ASME/ANSI A112.19.8 –2007. Installation of a non-compliant cover in a customer’s pool or spa would be a violation of that provision. All other federal mandates apply only to public facilities.

How will I know which covers comply?

They will have embossed or permanently marked in a location that is visible when installed:

ASME A112.19.8 2007 and a flow rating “X GPM” and “Life: X Years”, and Manufacturer and Model.

What is “ASME/ANSI A112.19.8-2007”?

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) are professional, non-profit organizations that assist in the development and maintenance of codes and standards through ongoing research. Membership consists of a wide range of engineers and other professionals from both the public and private sectors. A112.19.8-2007 is the standard that explains the materials, testing methods, and marking requirements for these new drain covers.

From: The Cuyahoga County Board of Health ( www.ccbh.net)

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West Nile Virus Prevention  

The most environmentally-friendly way to prevent West Nile Virus is to reduce the number of mosquitoes. Most mosquitoes complete their life cycle in 7 to 14 days, depending on temperature, and availability of moisture to lay their eggs.

Help reduce the number of mosquitoes in areas outdoors where you work or play, by draining areas of standing water that persist for 7 to 14 days. In this way, you reduce the number of places mosquitoes can lay their eggs and breed.

• At least once or twice a week, empty water from flower pots, pet food and water dishes, birdbaths, swimming pool covers, buckets, barrels, and cans.
• Check for clogged rain gutters and clean them out.
• Remove discarded tires, and other items that could collect water.
• Be sure to check for containers or trash in places that may be hard to see, such as under bushes or under your home.
• Fix torn screens to prevent mosquitoes from entering your house.
• Turn over wading pools when not in use.
• Aerate ornamental ponds. When it’s not practical to aerate, mosquito dunks can be placed in the pond to keep mosquito larvae from becoming adults. Mosquito dunks consist of a bacterium that once ingested by the larvae, the larvae die. These and similar products can be found at your local garden center or home improvement warehouse.
• Maintain your pool. Drain your pool if it will not be used for the season.
• Grade or drain any low spots in your yard that may hold water for more than 7 days.
• Take note of tarps that cover boats, cars, equipment, and firewood. Small pools of water will form on tarps after a rainstorm.
• Maintain the ditches around your home. Do not discard yard waste into ditches or gullies. Decaying vegetation and water are a combination that mosquitoes love.

Contact The Stark County Health Department at (330) 493-9904 if the elimination of standing water is not possible. A licensed employee will survey the problem and larvacide if necessary. Do not pour used motor oil, kerosene, or any other product not approved as a larvacide into standing water.

From: CDC: West Nile Virus Q&A: Prevention
Stark County Health Department

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Mercury in the Home

Mercury is commonly used in the home in some over-the-counter thermometers, thermostats, and in fluorescent light bulbs. The question often arises, "If there is an accidental spill of mercury in my home, how do I dispose of it?" There are safe practices that can be utilized while handling and disposing of small amounts (less than I teaspoon) of liquid mercury. Larger amounts require professional assistance. Do not hesitate to call for assistance in handling liquid mercury spills. Large spills or spills of mercury compounds can be life threatening and should be handled by professionals.

Mercury is the only common metal that is liquid at room temperature. It appears to be liquid silver. It will roll around like beads of silvery white water.  

Warning: Mercury is a virulent poison.

Short-term or long-term exposures to mercury can lead to serious health problems, including death. Human exposure to mercury occurs primarily from breathing contaminated air. Mercury is also readily absorbed though the gastrointestinal tract and through the skin. Even though symptoms do not appear, serious damage can be done to the human body. Never use a vacuum cleaner to clean up a mercury spill. Children and pregnant women should not be exposed to mercury. In the case of a large spill, all occupants should evacuate the area.

Handling: If mercury escapes into the environment, evacuate children and pregnant women. Remove all jewelry, especially gold. Handle the mercury carefully. Wear rubber gloves and scoop it onto a sheet of paper or suck it up with an eyedropper. Place the mercury in a medicine vial or similar airtight container. The scoop, paper or eyedropper should also be bagged and disposed properly according to guidance provided by environmental officials or your local health department. Ventilate the room to the outside and close off the rest of the home. Use fans for a minimum of one hour to speed the ventilation. Do not simply throw the mercury away. Seek professional guidance from local recycling, solid waste or hazardous waste agencies. Large retailers and building centers may accept glass-encapsulated mercury, as in thermostats, for recycling.

Keep any objects containing mercury out of the reach of children. Children found to be playing with liquid mercury or broken fluorescent lamps should be referred to a physician or poison control center immediately. Mercury contaminated gold jewelry must be taken to a jeweler to have them professionally cleaned. While handling mercury, or any other hazardous substance, one should always wear protective gloves. If mercury contacts with the skin, wash the area(s) thoroughly and immediately with soap and warm water. If you believe that you have absorbed mercury though your skin or inhaled mercury vapors, you should contact your physician or poison control center immediately..

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Well Water Testing Frequently Asked Questions

Should I have my well tested?
Yes. In 1999 - 2000, contaminated private well water caused 26% of the drinking water outbreaks that made people sick. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) rules that protect public drinking water systems do not apply to privately owned wells. Most states have rules for private wells, but these rules may not completely protect your private well. In other words, as a private well owner, it is up to you to make sure that your well water is safe to drink. Your local health or environmental department can help advise you.

When should I have my well tested?
Check your well every spring to make sure there are no mechanical problems; test it once each year for germs and once every two to three years for harmful chemicals. You should also have your well tested if:

• There are known problems with well water in your area
• You have experienced problems near your well (i.e., flooding, land disturbances, and nearby waste disposal sites)
• You replace or repair any part of your well system.

How do I find out if my well is contaminated?
The only way to find out if your well water is contaminated is to test it. You can contact your health or environmental department, or a private laboratory to test for germs and harmful chemicals. In some states, the drilling contractor must test a new well after it is built. However, as a well owner, it is up to you to maintain your well and have it tested regularly.

How do germs and chemicals get into my well water?
Germs and chemicals can get into your well water and contaminate it in different ways. Some germs and chemicals occur naturally. For example, heavy metals like arsenic, lead, and cadmium are naturally found in rocks and soil and sometimes seep into ground water. Other contaminants come from human and animal waste resulting from polluted storm water runoff, agricultural runoff, flooded sewers, or individual septic systems that are not working properly.

What are the germs and chemicals I should test for in my well?
Several things you should test for are listed below. These germs and chemicals can be a risk to your health.

Total Coliform
Coliform bacteria are microbes found in the digestive systems of warm-blooded animals, in soil, on plants, and in surface water. These microbes typically do not make you sick; however, because microbes that do cause disease are hard to test for in the water, "total coliforms" are tested instead. If the total coliform count is high, then it is very possible that harmful germs like viruses, bacteria, and parasites might also be found in the water.

Fecal Coliform / Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Fecal coliform bacteria are a kind of total coliform. The feces (or stool) and digestive systems of humans and warm-blooded animals contain millions of fecal coliforms. E. coli is part of the fecal coliform group and may be tested for by itself. Fecal coliforms and E. coli are usually harmless. However, a positive test may mean that feces and harmful germs have found their way into your water system. These harmful germs can cause diarrhea, dysentery, and hepatitis. It is important not to confuse the test for the common and usually harmless E. coli with a test for the more dangerous E. coli O157:H7.

Nitrate
Nitrate is naturally found in many types of food. However, high levels of nitrate in drinking water can make people sick. Nitrate in your well water can come from animal waste, private septic systems, wastewater, flooded sewers, polluted storm water runoff, fertilizers, agricultural runoff, and decaying plants. The presence of nitrate in well water also depends on the geology of the land around your well. A nitrate test is recommended for all wells. If the nitrate level in your water is higher than the EPA standards, you should look for other sources of water or ways to treat your water.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
VOCs are industrial and fuel-related chemicals that may cause bad health effects at certain levels. Which VOCs to test for depends on where you live. Contact your local health or environmental department, or the EPA to find out if any VOCs are a problem in your region. Some VOCs to ask about testing for are benzene, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, trichloroethelene, and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE).

pH
The pH level tells you how acidic or basic your water is. The pH level of the water can change how your water looks and tastes. If the pH of your water is too low or too high, it could damage your pipes, cause heavy metals like lead to leach out of the pipes into the water, and eventually make you sick.

Other germs or harmful chemicals that you should test for will depend on where your well is located on your property, which state you live in, and whether you live in an urban or rural area. These tests could include testing for lead, arsenic, mercury, radium, atrazine, and other pesticides. You should check with your local health or environmental department, or the EPA to find out if any of these are a problem in your region.

Please remember that if your test results say that there are germs or chemicals in your water, you should contact your local health or environmental department for help and test your water more often.

My well water has a funny smell or taste; should I worry about getting sick?
A change in your water's taste, color, or smell is often not a health concern. However, a change could be a sign of serious contamination problems. Any time you notice a change in your water quality, you should have it tested.

Where do I go to have my well water tested?
State and local health or environmental departments often test for bacteria and nitrates. Health or environmental departments, or county governments should have a list of the state-certified (licensed) laboratories in your area that test for a variety of substances..

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Arsenic in the Environment

HIGHLIGHTS: Exposure to higher than average levels of arsenic occur mostly in
the workplace, near hazardous waste sites, or in areas with high natural levels. At high levels, inorganic arsenic can cause death. Exposure to lower levels for a long time can cause a discoloration of the skin and the appearance of small corns or warts. Arsenic has been found in at least 1,149 of the 1,684 National Priority List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

What is arsenic?
Arsenic is a naturally occurring element widely distributed in the earth’s crust. In the environment, arsenic is combined with oxygen, chlorine, and sulfur to form inorganic arsenic compounds. Arsenic in animals and plants combines with
carbon and hydrogen to form organic arsenic compounds. Inorganic arsenic compounds are mainly used to preserve wood. Copper chromated arsenate (CCA) is used to make “pressure-treated” lumber. CCA is no longer used in the U.S. for residential uses; it is still used in industrial applications. Organic arsenic compounds are used as pesticides, primarily on cotton fields and orchards.

What happens to arsenic when it enters the environment?

• Arsenic occurs naturally in soil and minerals and may enter the air, water, and land from wind-blown dust and may get into water from runoff and leaching
• Arsenic cannot be destroyed in the environment. It can only change its form.
• Rain and snow remove arsenic dust particles from the air.
• Many common arsenic compounds can dissolve in water. Most of the arsenic in water will ultimately end up in soil or sediment.
• Fish and shellfish can accumulate arsenic; most of this arsenic is in an organic form called arsenobetaine that is much less harmful.

How might I be exposed to arsenic?

• Ingesting small amounts present in your food and water or breathing air containing arsenic.
• Breathing sawdust or burning smoke from wood treated with arsenic.
• Living in areas with unusually high natural levels of arsenic in rock.
• Working in a job that involves arsenic production or use, such as copper or lead smelting, wood treating, or pesticide application.

How can arsenic affect my health?

• Breathing high levels of inorganic arsenic can give you a sore throat or irritated lungs.
• Ingesting very high levels of arsenic can result in death. Exposure to lower levels can cause nausea and vomiting, decreased production of red and white blood cells, abnormal heart rhythm, damage to blood vessels, and a sensation of “pins and needles” in hands and feet.
• Ingesting or breathing low levels of inorganic arsenic for a long time can cause a darkening of the skin and the appearance of small “corns” or “warts” on the palms, soles, and torso.
• Skin contact with inorganic arsenic may cause redness and swelling.

Almost nothing is known regarding health effects of organic arsenic compounds in humans. Studies in animals show that some simple organic arsenic compounds are less toxic than inorganic forms. Ingestion of methyl and dimethyl compounds can cause diarrhea and damage to the kidneys

How likely is arsenic to cause cancer?
Several studies have shown that ingestion of inorganic arsenic can increase the risk of skin cancer and cancer in the liver, bladder, and lungs. Inhalation of inorganic arsenic can cause increased risk of lung cancer. The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and the EPA have determined that inorganic arsenic is a known human carcinogen. The International Agency for Research on
Cancer (IARC) has determined that inorganic arsenic is carcinogenic to humans.

How can arsenic affect children?
There is some evidence that long-term exposure to arsenic in children may result in lower IQ scores. There is also some evidence that exposure to arsenic in the womb and early childhood may increase mortality in young adults.
There is some evidence that inhaled or ingested arsenic can injure pregnant women or their unborn babies, although the studies are not definitive. Studies in animals show that large doses of arsenic that cause illness in pregnant females, can also cause low birth weight, fetal malformations, and even fetal death. Arsenic can cross the placenta and has been found in fetal tissues. Arsenic is found at low levels in breast milk.

How can families reduce the risks of exposure to arsenic?

• If you use arsenic-treated wood in home projects, you should wear dust masks, gloves, and protective clothing to decrease exposure to sawdust.
• If you live in an area with high levels of arsenic in water or soil, you should use cleaner sources of water and limit contact with soil.
• If you work in a job that may expose you to arsenic, be aware that you may carry arsenic home on your clothing, skin, hair, or tools. Be sure to shower and change clothes before going home.

Is there a medical test to determine whether I’ve been exposed to arsenic?
There are tests available to measure arsenic in your blood, urine, hair, and fingernails. The urine test is the most reliable test for arsenic exposure within the last few days. Tests on hair and fingernails can measure exposure to high levels of arsenic over the past 6-12 months. These tests can determine if you have been exposed to above-average levels of arsenic. They cannot predict whether the arsenic levels in your body will affect your health.

Has the federal government made recommendations to protect human health?
The EPA has set limits on the amount of arsenic that industrial sources can release to the environment and has restricted or cancelled many of the uses of arsenic in pesticides. EPA has set a limit of 0.01 parts per million (ppm)
for arsenic in drinking water.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set a permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 10 micrograms of arsenic per cubic meter of workplace air (10 μg/m³) for 8 hour shifts and 40 hour work weeks.

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Household Sewage Treatment Systems Program Status

The new household sewage treatment rules that have been in effect since January 1, 2007 were immediately repealed when Governor Strickland signed the new budget bill on June 30 th. The bill essentially returned the State of Ohio back to the previous sewage regulations of 1977. The only major aspects of the new code to survive were the requirement of NPDES permits for discharging systems and the continued management of small flow on-site sewage treatment systems by local health departments. The 1977 sewage code does allow for local health departments to create more stringent standards by using the state rules as a baseline. The Stark County Health Department adopted new county regulations at the July 11 th board meeting, using the 2007 rules as a guideline. The new county rules are a hybrid of science based treatment systems that consider the economical impact of system installation . These regulations will help to provide stability to our sewage treatment industry and community until a revised set of State rules are introduced in 2009. The new rules can be viewed online here.

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Smoke Free Ohio: A Year Later

The smoke has lifted from our local bars, restaurants and businesses. Now a full year after the Smoke Free Workplace Law has been in affect we have all seen the benefit of dining in a smoke free environment. Local businesses have also enjoyed cleaner indoor air quality. Businesses are required to ban smoking indoors to protect to health of their employees.

Here in Stark County compliance has gone very well, with only a few exceptions. By the end of 2007 the Stark County Health Department had received over 300 complaints on 158 establishments. Of course many of us thought bars and restaurants would produce the majority of the complaints, but that just wasn’t the case. Out of the 158 establishments only half were bars and restaurants. The other half was local businesses including: gas stations, manufacturing plants, and stores. The complaints taken by the report hotline has launched 235 cases. Our Sanitarians have conducted on-site investigations for all cases. Even though our investigations are ongoing, to date our investigations have resulted in:

• 67 Establishments found 1st Violation/Letter of Warning
• 21 Establishments 2nd Violation/$100 Fine level
• 7 Establishments 3rd Violation/$500 fine level
• 2 Establishment 4th Violation/$1,000 fine level
• 1 Establishment 5th Violation/$2,500 fine level

We all agree that we are healthier without the presence of second hand smoke, but are we happy with the Smoke Free Law. A recent poll conducted by Midwest Communications and Media has answered this question. Their poll found that nearly 80% of Ohioans are pleased with the passing of the law, which puts to rest the claim that Ohio voters did not know what they were voting for. Now a year later, Ohioans, are enjoying a cleaner, healthier environment for themselves and their families.

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Home Sale Inspections

Over the years the health department has been involved with several lawsuits where home inspectors overlooked septic problems, causing new buyers extreme hardship. In addition, the licensing council strongly advocated a septic system inspection program for home sales. Thus, regulations were written in late 2006 that implemented a property transfer inspection program on January 1, 2008. The regulations require properties served by a Home Sewage Treatment System (HSTS) to be inspected prior to a property transfer to determine if the HSTS is functioning properly and if sanitary sewer is available. All failing HSTSs will be replaced or upgraded, or if sanitary sewer is available (a sewer lateral on the property) the property must be connected. Signs of failure may include but are not limited to: sewage surfacing into the ground or being discharged into a stream or storm sewer, backing into a structure or otherwise causing a public health threat. This program dovetails with the operation and maintenance program in the Phase II Stormwater Program, both of which aid in attainment of the Ohio EPA’s water quality (TMDL) standards.

The program also requires that the system be inspected by the health department or by a registered service provider. Service providers are tested and bonded through the health department. Copies of their inspections must be submitted to the health department, for review and follow-up, when necessary. In addition, minimum inspection standards have been implemented.

Real estate transfer inspections are an ideal time to upgrade failing systems, since funds can be easily allocated for the correction during the transfer. It also protects buyers from the financial burden they may encounter if the system is found to be failing later, if an inspection had not been conducted. Lastly, it gives the buyer an opportunity to become educated on how to properly maintain the system, improving system longevity.

For further information, please visit http://www.starkhealth.org/sewage.htm

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Radon

Radon is an invisible radioactive gas that seeps into homes undetected through foundation cracks, and can reach harmful levels if trapped indoors. It travels up from underground sources of uranium in the earth's crust. EPA estimates that one in 15 homes will have a radon level of four PicoCuries per liter (pCi/L) of air or more, a level the agency considers high.

The radon threat is preventable with some simple steps. In existing homes, families can begin protecting themselves by buying an easy-to-use radon test kit to determine if a high level exists; if so, a high level might be lowered simply with a straight-forward radon venting system installed by a contractor. In new homes, builders can easily and economically include radon-resistant features during construction, and home buyers should ask for these. EPA also recommends that home buyers ask their builder to test for radon gas before they move in.

Radon preventive actions have saved an estimated 6,000 lives in the last 20 years. EPA has a goal to double that number, to 12,000 lives saved, in the next five years. All Americans can contribute to saving someone's life by testing and reducing high levels in existing homes or testing and building radon-resistant new homes.

As part of an effort called Radon Leaders Saving Lives, EPA is working with state and local governments, non-profit organizations, and radon professionals across the country to educate consumers about ways to reduce radon in existing and new homes. Moreover, everyone can be a radon leader and help save a life by telling a friend or neighbor about preventing lung cancer from breathing radon.

For more information about radon, visit: www.epa.gov/radon or call 1-800-SOS-RADON (767-7236)

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PHASE II STORM WATER  

Due to an EPA mandate under the Clean Water Act called Phase II Storm water, communities within the “urbanized area” of the County, have contracted services with the Board of Health to conduct an “illicit discharge, detection, and elimination program”. The program is designed to monitor, detect, and remove pollution from the storm sewer systems.

Our program involves:

1.) Creating a database for all sewage system records in the urbanized area, especially those discharging into the storm sewer.
2.) Screening and inspection of storm sewer systems.
3.) Locating Problem Areas. (This includes failing septic systems, but also includes illegal residential or industrial discharges, such as used motor oil or paint).
4.) Determine the Source. 5.) Remove/Correct Illicit Connections, using enforcement and community based solutions when necessary.
6.) Document Actions Taken and Report to the Ohio EPA.  

The Phase II employees have visited outfall sites for dry flow screening in the urbanized areas of Stark County, North Canton, East Canton, Navarre Village, Louisville, Hartville, and Tuscarawas, Canton, Plain, Jackson, Lake, Perry, Lawrence, and Nimishillen Townships. The Health District has not contracted services in Canton, Massillon, or Alliance.

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Mosquito Program

The primary focus of the mosquito program is to reduce the incidence of mosquito borne disease. Our primary work involves larvaciding early in the mosquito season. Larvaciding lets us control or minimize the number of adults capable of breeding and/or biting.

As the mosquito population begins to grow, adulticiding becomes necessary. We attempt to spray most areas of the county twice per summer. A number of municipalities contract with us to spray more frequently. The Stark County Health Department's mosquito control plan is consistent with the practice of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). IPM allows for the safest and most effective method of mosquito control.

Mosquito Spraying Schedule

Experts agree that WNV is here to stay. The Stark County Health Department cooperates with the Ohio Department of Health (ODH) in both dead bird surveillance and mosquito trapping.

ODH will continue using dead bird surveillance as a tool for early detection of WNV infection. Dead birds will be accepted beginning April 14, 2008 and will include only crows and blue jays.. Waterfowl and raptors will not be accepted for testing. The Ohio Department of Health will continue testing birds after a positive has been found in a county. Residents may report dead birds all season for surveillance purposes.

Mosquito trapping and testing is also used in Stark County as a tool for early detection of possible WNV activity in an area. Mosquitoes are submitted to ODH, with results reported back to our department in as little as two weeks.

Helpful Links

CDC West Nile Virus Homepage

Ohio Department of Health West Nile Virus Homepage

What Horse Owners Should Know About West Nile Virus

Frequently Asked Questions About Birds And West Nile Virus

Larvaciding and adulticiding are portions of our Integrated Pest Management for control of mosquitoes. Residents may contact the Stark County Health Department regarding concerns over possible mosquito breeding areas and their treatment. When necessary, our department will use adulticiding as a means of mosquito control. Recent studies have shown that the proper use of pesticides do not pose any risk to people or the environment. The Stark County Health Department is very committed to using the safest chemicals available regardless of cost.

The Chemicals Used by the Stark County Health Department

Altosid Briquets , larvacide, (Label & MSDS ) an insect growth regulation hormone is an insect growth regulator that prevents the mosquito from passing onto the adult stage.

VectoLex , larvacide, (Label & MSDS) can kill mosquitoes during the larval stage of its development. Its active ingredient contains a naturally occurring bacteria. VectoLex is a bacterial larvacide that is non‑toxic and will not harm non‑target organisms.

5% Skeeter Abate , larvacide (Label & MSDS ) an insecticide used to control larvae .

Anvil 2+2 ULV , adulticide, (Label & MSDS ), a synthetic pyrethroid, applied as a spray to reduce possibly-disease carrying mosquitoes. It is relatively nontoxic to humans and other mammals, and health risks associated with the use of a pyrethroid in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are negligible.

FLIT 10EC , adulticide, (Label & MSDS ) Handheld spraying units will be used to disperse the Flit 10EC for spot treatment of an adulticiding agent. Normally applied to foliage to act as a mosquito barrier.

Mosquitomist ONE ULV , adulticide (Label & MSDS ) is a non-corrosive and features quick knockdown, low odor and low mammalian toxicity. Breaks down quickly in the environment.

We will have our spray schedule posted on this site 1 week ahead of time if you would like to know when your area is scheduled. The variability of rain, temperature and other considerations make it impossible to project beyond that. If you have any questions or need additional information call (330) 493-9904.

The Stark County Health Department is committed to both surveillance and treatment for the safest control of mosquitoes and their associated mosquito-borne diseases. Residents are assured that protection of both humans and of the environment will always play a key role in providing the county with a safe spring, summer and fall. Our web site will continue to offer information and links so that residents can reduce breeding locations on their own properties and reduce exposure of themselves and their family as mosquito populations increase.

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MOSQUITO SPRAYING

MOSQUITO SCHEDULE FOR WEEK OF 7/6/09 TO 7/10/O9

MONDAY 7/6/09

PLAIN TOWNSHIP

NORTH BOUNDARY IS 55TH ST.
SOUTH BOUNDARY IS CANTON CITY LIMITS
EAST BOUNDARY IS HARMONT AVE.
WEST BOUNDARY IS CANTON CITY LIMITS

TUESDAY 7/7/09

LAKE TOWNSHIP

NORTH BOUNDARY IS COUNTY LINE
SOUTH BOUNDARY IS ROUTE 619
EAST BOUNDARY IS KENT AVE.
WEST BOUNDARY IS MOGADORE AVE.

HARTVILLE VILLAGE

WEDNESDAY 7/8/09

CITY OF LOUISVILLE

THURSDAY 7/9/09

HILLS AND DALES VILLAGE

LAKE TOWNSHIP

NORTH BOUNDARY IS COUNTY LINE
SOUTH BOUNDARY IS TWIN HILLS ST. & HECKMAN ST.
EAST BOUNDARY IS MOGADORE AVE.
WEST BOUNDARY IS COUNTY LINE

FRIDAY 7/10/09

JACKSON TOWNSHIP

NORTH BOUNDARY IS FULTON DR.
SOUTH BOUNDARY IS MASSILLON CITY LIMITS
EAST BOUNDARY IS AMHERST AVE.
WEST BOUNDARY IS TOWNSHIP LIMITS

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Animal Bites

By law, animal bites occurring in our jurisdiction must be reported to the Stark County Health department. Domestic animals, such as dogs and cats, are quarantined for a period of ten (10) days from the date of the original bite. To be released from quarantine the animal must be current on its rabies vaccination and determined not to be afflicted with rabies.

Wild animals (raccoon, skunk, bat etc.) that have bitten a person or family pet may be tested for rabies. Any animal that is submitted for testing must be dead, relatively fresh and have an intact skull. The Stark County Health department does not have the means for euthanizing animals. This task must be done by the homeowner, a private trapper or the local police department that provides this service. If the bite occurs on the weekend the animal may be kept refrigerated until the Health department can pick up the specimen. Please do not freeze the specimens as this can affect the test results.

For raccoons, skunks and foxes that are acting suspicious (defined by walking erratically, turning in circles, tameness, unusual aggressiveness or seems disorientated) we will summit the animal for testing. These animals simply being active during the day is not a suspicious activity. Any animal that is submitted for testing must be dead, relatively fresh and have an intact skull.

Animal Bite Report Form

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Lead Analysis

Infants and toddlers living in homes built in 1978 and earlier, may be exposed to lead. It is important for physicians to test children, who may be at risk, for lead poisoning. If an elevated level is found, the doctor can refer the case to the Stark County Health Department for environmental testing of the child’s living environment. High levels of lead can result in liver problems, coma, or death; and low levels can cause a variety of problems, such as hyperactivity, posture problems, hearing problems, and decreased I.Q. level. Much of the permanent damage has already been done before any of these effects become apparent; that is why it is very important to have children’s lead levels tested.

Once the health department sanitarian conducts the assessment of lead hazards in the home, a written report is developed to advise the homeowner on what steps to take to reduce or eliminate the hazards. The health department clinic offers lead testing of children and adults on an appointment basis. The cost is FEE. Medicaid is accepted.

You can schedule an appointment to check you, or your child’s lead level, by calling the health department clinic at (330) 493-9914. You can schedule a lead hazard assessment of your home by contacting the Environmental Division- Environmental lead assessments of houses are available to non-lead poisoned Stark County residents as well, for a fee. This fee is waived for those who meet the CDC definition of having lead poisoning.

Lead Poisoning Fact Sheet

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Complaints

Complaints, specifically public health related complaints, are the responsibility of the health department. Complaints can range from a neighbor's septic system flowing on your property, to a dirty restaurant, or perhaps, a neighbor that is stockpiling garbage.

Whatever the case, the nuisance must be reported to the health department on a written form as provided by the health department

You may call 330.493.9904 to request a complaint form, or download a complaint form below.

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Well Water Samples

The Stark County Health District takes over 2,000 water samples every year to verify the bacteriological safety of residential and commercial wells annually. You can arrange to have your well tested by calling 330.493.9904. Cost FEE for the first sample and FEE for each additional sample.Should your initial sample come back 'unsafe', you will be directed to Disinfect Your Water Well, (download guidelines). Our staff will provide specific guidelines pertinent to the circumstances.

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Permits

Water Well Permits

Any property owner intending to construct, develop, or install a private water system or have such operations performed by another person, must make application to the Stark County Health Department prior to the start of work.Applications, which can be mailed out upon request (330.493.9904), must be accompanied by a site plan and the fee. Residential @ FEE and Commercial @ FEE.

Within three working days from the date of application receipt, the public health sanitarian will determine compliance, and if found satisfactory, issue the permit.

Well Abandonment Permits

A well abandonment form must be otained from the Stark County Health Department (330) 493.9904. The fee for well abandonment permit is FEE residential and FEE for commercial. All obstructions n the well must be removed (ex. pump, wiring, etc.). The well is then filled entirely with an approved grouting material. Proper abandonment of water wells help insure that our ground water is maintained for the present and future generations.

New Septic System Permit

For information click here.

Replacement Septic System Permit

For information click here.

Plumbing Permits

Plumbing permits must be obtained through the Stark County Health Department prior to the start of work.

To obtain a Residential Plumbing Permit, the homeowner or plumber can make application at the Stark County Health Department for a FEE before obtaining a permit.

Note: Homeowners doing their own plumbing must live at the residence and sign a notarized AFFIDAVIT.

Prior to obtaining a Commercial Plumbing Permit you must submit a Plumbing Plan Review Application. A professional engineer or architect must design plan. Upon receipt, your plan will be logged and then assigned to a plans examiner. You will be notified by letter whether your plan is in compliance, or whether additional information is needed, once it is reviewed. Submission of all items at the same time is essential in order to streamline and prevent delays in the review. After plan approval, application may be made for a FEE to obtain a permit.

Note: After the plans have been received, they will be reviewed within 30 days. This applies to new or remodeled plumbing. Plans are reviewed in the order they are received or resubmitted. If your plans are incomplete or disapproved, the 30 days begins again after the necessary information or revisions are received.

Note: Any plumbing contractor engaged in or intending to engage in the plumbing business in the Stark County Health Department jurisdiction must be registered with the department. Plumbing Contractor Registration Form and Criteria.

Permit for a New Restaurant

Application is made on a prescribed form, with submittal of full plans of the facility planned and plan review fees. Plan review fees vary based upon the size and/or complexity of the food service operation planned. Once plans are reviewed, an approval letter is sent to the applicant.

Once construction is complete and the applicant has obtained all building department, zoning, and fire approvals, a pre-licensing inspection is conducted. If the facility has been constructed in compliance with the approved plans and state and local regulations, the applicant may apply for and obtain a food service license. License fees again vary based upon the size and complexity of the operation planned. For more information on obtaining a license see the Food Safety Page.

Permit for a Temporary Food Service License

Temporary food licenses are issued for events that are a maximum of 5 days in duration.

Applicant fills out application along with detailed information on location, time, and date of the event, foods to be served, handling procedure and equipment set-up. Fee is FEE.

All temporary permits issued by the health department are inspected during operation. For more information on obtaining a license see the Food Safety Page.

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Print/Download Forms

To obtain a copy of the Animal Bite and/or Nuisance Complaint form, you must have Adobe Acrobat Reader installed on your computer. To download and install a FREE copy of Adobe Acrobat Reader click here:

To print or download the form(s), choose which form, Animal Bite Form or Nuisance Complaint Form, and either save the document or click on the print button on the toolbar.

Upon completion of the form, you can return it to the Stark County Health Department by one of two methods. You can fax the completed form to (330) 493-9920, or send it to:

Stark County Health Department
3951 Convenience Circle, N.W.
Canton, Oh. 44718-2660

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